Literature review可以说是让众多留学生头疼罪魁祸首之一了

它的目的不单一，可以有很多个。文献综述的目的可以是：

.比较不同authors，针对某一issue的观点；

.对其他researchers/scholars的观点进行批判性分析；

.突出research gap；

.将本研究跟previous studies 联系起来，从中借鉴经验教训等。

咱们就是整理了literature review写作技巧和高分句型。

第一步:介绍理论背景(theoreticalframework)在回顾具体的文献前，需要先介绍出你的researchtopic下的理论背景或模型，因为这是所有literature的foundation!是最fundamental的东西!

第二步.介绍已有研究(existing literature)回顾的时候一定要做到两件事:

1点!

这里注意，虽然是literature review，但一定不是文献的堆积，要beselective!选出最和你研究课题相关的4-5篇文章重点回顾，其他的可以简略的说。2有层次!

不仅单篇文章重要，文章和文章之间的相互关系更重要!所以需要你对阅读的literature进行归纳分类和比对。

例如可以把相同观点(或使用相同研究方法)的文章在个段落介绍;

同时要突出文献之间的冲突感!因为有了冲突感才能让文献回顾显得有层次，激发读者兴趣往下读!

[已有研究]万能型

.Recent evidence suggests that ...

.Extensive/Previous/Prior research has shown that.

.Recent evidence suggests that ...

.Extensive/Previous/Prior research has shown that..

.Previous research has established that ...

.A series of recent studies have indicated that...

.There is a growing body of literature thatinvestigates.

[研究冲突]万能型

.The extent to which .. has remained controversial

.Whether and the extent to w;hich ... determines the.·is controversial.

However, the extent to which the model of ...influences ... has been under much debate in the fieldof.... Some ... whereas some ...

.There appear to be discrepancies between some ofthe reported observations.

.The results on this question are mixed.Research on this issue presents conflicting findingsThe literature on is less consistent.

.There is far less consensus as to..

第三步.介绍research gap

已有的研究回顾完了，就该展现你的研究了。也就是我们必须要回答的whyyou are doing what you aredoing的问题。

.现有研究存在哪些问题?

.哪些还没有被研究到?

.哪些文章你没有被它们的结论convince?

.哪些地方你觉得需要被改进?

这都是你的criticalthinking，是属于你的精华!

[research gap]万能句型(缺少前人研究

.To date, this problem has received little/scantattention in the research literature.

.The role of ... in ... is lesscertain/understudied/poorly understood.

.In contrast to..., there is much less information aboutthe effects of...

[research gap] 万能型(前人研究缺陷

.This seems to be a common problem in.

.The limitations of .. are increasingly apparent.

.The existing studies have many problems in ..

[已有研究]万能型

.Recent evidence suggests that ...

.Extensive/Previous/Prior research has shown that ...

.Previous research has established that ...

.A series of recent studies have indicated that...

.There is a growing body of literature thatinvestigates.

[研究冲突]万能型

.The extent to which . has remained controversial.

.Whether and the extent to v;hich ... determines the..· is controversial.

.However, the extent to which the model of ...influences ... has been under much debate in the fieldof.... Some ... whereas some...

.There appear to be discrepancies between some ofthe reported observations.

.The results on this question are mixed.

.Research on this issue presents conflicting findings

.The literature on __is less consistent.There is far less consensus as to..